sửa đề: Tính V và a
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15mol\\ n_{Mg}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\24a+56b=6,8\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,05;b=0,1\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.24}{6,8}\cdot100=17,65\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=100-17,65=82,35\%\)

\(b.Mg+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\\ Fe+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\\ n_{SO_2}=0,05+0,1=0,15mol\\ V_{SO_2}=0,15.24,79=3,7185l\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(a\right)}=0,05+0,1=0,15mol\\ C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,3}=0,5M\)

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 27,8 (1)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{17,353}{24,79}=0,7\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{27,8}.100\%\approx19,42\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx80,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,7}{0,5}=1,4\left(M\right)\)

a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      x                                            x

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      y                                                    1,5y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=12,6\\x+1,5y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b,\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24.100\%}{12,6}=57,14\%;\%m_{Al}=100-57,14=42,86\%\)

c,

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      0,3        0,3           0,3

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,2      0,3               0,1                                        

\(C_{M_{ddH_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3+0,3}{0,5}=1,2M\)

\(C_{M_{ddMgSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6M;C_{M_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\)

a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(đk:a,b>0\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,28}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

a--------------------------------------->1,5a

Zn + H₂SO₄ ---> ZnSO₄ + H₂

b------------------------------>b

Theo bài ra, ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=10,55\\1,5a+b=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,15.27=4,05\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{4,05}{10,55}.100\%=38,4\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-38,4\%=61,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, PTHH:

\(Zn+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nguội\right)}\rightarrow ZnSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)

0,1------------------------------>0,1----->0,1

\(2Al+3ZnSO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3Zn\downarrow\)

\(\dfrac{1}{15}\)<---0,1---------->\(\dfrac{1}{30}\)---------->0,1

\(Zn+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nguội\right)}\rightarrow ZnSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)

0,1----------------------------->0,1-------->0,1

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V=\left(0,1+0,1\right).22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\x=\dfrac{1}{30}.342+0,1.161=27,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a.Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=10,55\left(g\right)\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{7,28}{22,4}=0,325\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{10,55}.100=38,39\%;\%m_{Zn}=61,61\%\\ b.X+H_2SO_4đặc,nguội\Rightarrow ChỉcóZnphảnứng\\ Zn\rightarrow Zn^{2+}+2e\\ S^{+6}+2e\rightarrow S^{+4}\\ Bảotoàne:n_{Zn}.2=n_{SO_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow n_{SO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=161.0,1=16,1\left(g\right)\)

Lưu ý: Al bị thụ động với H2SO4 dặc nguội